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The Sustainable Capacity Development Program is an effort by the government to improve teacher quality and professionalism. For some teachers that CLA is only for promotion and promotion requirements so that once the goal is Reached the teacher has not developed his profession. This study aims to explain the Behavior of Teachers in the policy of Sustainable Food Development program, and problems that Arise in Arjasari teachers in SMPN 2 Bandung West Java regency. In this research there are three problem formulation items, namely, First, How is the teacher's attitude about the obligation of continuous professional development in SMPN 2 Bandung regency Arjasari? Second, How does the teacher give meaning to the obligation of continuous professional development (PKB) for teachers of SMPN 2 Arjasari Bandung Regency? Third, What are the factors behind the behavior of teachers SMPN 2 Bandung regency Arjasari about the obligation of professional sustainable development (PKB)?. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with phenomenology research strategy. The subjects of this research are two teachers of SMPN 2 Arjasari, the informants of this research are the principal of SMPN 2 Arjasari, and the deputy head of curriculum field. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques with the use of coding techniques stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, PKB is the development of teacher competencies that are Carried out in accordance with the needs, gradual and continuous to improve the professionalism of teachers. CBA consists of three kinds of activities (1) self-development, (2) scientific publications, and (3) innovative works. In reality PKB has been implemented a Arjasari in SMPN 2 Bandung, but there are still some obstacles that must be Overcome by some teachers. PKB Several policy is allegedly facing problems, so that in the implementation of the behavior of teachers there are pros, cons, and apathy of the CLA program, and in giving meaning there are positive and negative to the program PKB. First, the burden of teaching teachers 24 hours per week is very heavy. Secondly, teachers are not prepared in Earnest to Become Researchers. Third, the management of teacher performance appraisal system is less fair. The alternative solution is to revise Regulation no. 74 of 2008 the which regulates the workload of teachers to a minimum of 18 hours, a maximum of 24 hours, so that is equivalent to the burden of lecturers. Another thing that is, encouraging teacher training research on an ongoing basis by involving LPMP and experts from the high hunting. In the implementation of teacher age, as well as the lack of knowledge of teachers to be internal factors in the CBA, and the lack of socialization of CLA as a whole from the government Becomes an obstacle of external factors PKB program.

Increased life expectancies and a significant reduction in the number of corporate pension plans nationwide have made the prospects of retirement a challenge for many of us. The burden of funding retirement will move from the corporation or government to the individual. Those individuals with limited financial experience will most likely need the guidance of a financial advisor. Can we trust and rely upon them? Following the 2004 late trading scandal and the 2008 financial meltdown, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") implemented Continuing Education requirements at the advisor level. The intent was to improve the quality and integrity of advisors' interaction with clients. I have interviewed forty-one advisors at four separate financial services firms to examine the impact of this training on the moral obligations and responsibilities of financial advisors ; 2011-08-01 ; M.A. ; Graduate Studies, Department of Liberal and Interdisciplinary Studies ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it a number of growing global concerns, apart from its more apparent impact on human lives, economies and health systems across the world. Particularly concerning is an increase in military response to the pandemic, employed by countries as a means of enforcing lockdown regulations and curbing the spread of the virus. This increase in state power, through countries' armed forces, has seen alarming reports of alleged state abuses during both declared and de facto public emergencies, with alleged abuses ranging from more palpable assaults on human rights to the less obvious. In light of this complexity, this comment reflects on the importance of local responses to COVID-19 in upholding global human rights and humanitarian standards, as a guide to state responses to the pandemic. It does so by highlighting prominent examples from current global affairs, with at least two from South Africa, and extrapolating critical lessons using an international law perspective. The comment aims to serve as a reminder of the importance of human rights in times of crisis, both for South Africa and the world at large.

This study examines the network of rights and obligations found in the Filipino American family. I show that family and kinship links are extended to provide a broader base for interdependence and mutual support. This paper relates economic adaptation to family organization and function. The data were gathered by participant-observation, formal and informal interviews, and by collecting extensive life and family histories. The data are derived from a continuing study of a Filipino community in Central California between 1973-74 and 1978-80.

"Animal Lives Matter provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal, philosophical, and ethical aspects of animal rights. It argues that the subject extends beyond the matter of our obligations toward animals, to include our wider responsibilities for protecting the environment. Drawing on numerous moral, political, legal, religious, and philosophical theories including utilitarianism, deontology, rights theory, social contractarianism and the capabilities approach, the author meticulously examines the questions of sentience, speciesism, personhood, and human exceptionalism. Lucid, nuanced and academically rigorous, this important book will be an essential resource for scholars of law, politics, philosophy, ethics, as well as policy makers and the general reader"--

AbstractInsiders can artificially deflect the market prices of financial instruments from their full information or "inside" value by issuing deceptive accounting reports. Incentive support for disinformational activity comes through forms of compensation that allow corporate insiders to profit extravagantly from temporary boosts in a firm's accounting condition or performance. In principle, outside auditing firms and other watchdog institutions help outside investors to identify and ignore disinformation. In practice, accountants can and do earn substantial profits from credentialling loophole‐ridden measurement principles that conceal adverse developments from outside stakeholders. Although the Sarbanes–Oxley Act now requires top corporate officials to affirm the essential economic accuracy of any data their firms publish, officials of outside auditing firms are not obliged to express every reservation they may have about the fundamental accuracy of the reports they audit. This asymmetry in obligations permits auditing firms to continue to be compensated for knowingly and willfully employing valuation and itemization rules that generate misleading reports without fully exposing themselves to penalties their clients face for hiding adverse information. It is ironic that what are called accounting "ethics" fail to embrace the profession's common‐law duty of assuring the economic meaningfulness of the statements that clients pay it to endorse.

In this paper, I assess the role responsibility argument that claims suicidal agents have obligations to specific people not to kill themselves due to their roles. Since the plausibility of the role responsibility argument is clearest in the parent-child relationship, I assess parental obligations. I defend a view that says that normative roles, such as those of a parent, are contractual and voluntary. I then suggest that the normative parameters for some roles preclude permissible suicide because the role-related contract includes a promise to provide continuing care and emotional support. I propose that as we have established criteria for morally acceptable reasons for cancelling, voiding, or amending a contract, we can apply these to the role responsibility argument to establish grounds for releasing a parent from his role-related and contractual obligations. Failure to fulfil one's contractual roles may not be blameworthy, depending upon the circumstances. I propose the factors determining culpability in failure to fulfil one's role-related obligations are: intention, voluntariness, diminished responsibility, mental capacity, and foreseeability.

The past several years have seen an evolution in the obligations of pharmaceutical companies conducting clinical trials abroad. Key players, such as international human rights organizations, multinational pharmaceutical companies, the United States government and courts, and the media, have played a significant role in defining these obligations. This article examines how such obligations have developed through the lens of past, present, and future recommendations for informed consent protections. In doing so, this article suggests that, no matter how robust obligations appear, they will continue to fall short of providing meaningful protection until they are accompanied by a substantive enforcement mechanism that holds multinational pharmaceutical companies accountable for their conduct. Issues of national sovereignty, particularly in the United States, will continue to prevent meaningful enforcement by an international tribunal or through one universally adopted code of ethics. This article argues that, rather than continuing to pursue an untenable international approach, the Alien Torts Statute (ATS) offers a viable enforcement mechanism, at least for US-based pharmaceutical companies. Recent federal appellate court precedent interpreting the ATS provides the mechanism for granting victims redress and enforcing accountability of sponsors (usually pharmaceutical companies and research and academic institutions) for informed consent misconduct. Substantive human rights protections are vital in order to ensure that every person can realize the "right to health." This article concludes that by building on the federal appellate court's ATS analysis, which grants foreign trial participants the right to pursue claims of human rights violations in US courts, a mechanism can be created for enforcing not only substantive informed consent, but also human rights protections. Adapted from the source document.

Migration from Peru has increased dramatically over the past decade, but the social and relational repercussions of these transnational movements have not yet been fully explored. Examination of the way migrants manage their responsibilities to dependent kin in Peru reveals that child fostering makes it possible for adults to migrate in search of better work opportunities by ensuring care for their children and company for their older relatives. For Peruvians engaging in labor migration, child fostering tempers some of the challenges of continuing to participate in established social networks from a distance.

EU member states have been encouraged to introduce energy efficiency obligation schemes (EEOS) to help meet energy saving objectives. As a result, there are now 15 EU EEOS in existence, compared with just six prior to the introduction of the 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive. At the same time, the long-standing EEOS in Denmark and the UK have faced challenges because of concerns over increasing costs. This paper considers the role of EEOS in current and future EU and national policy. Firstly, this paper sets out in more detail the place of EEOS in EU energy policy. Then, the future of longer-established EEOS is explored, using Denmark and the UK as case studies. Recent and planned redesigns in these two countries are detailed, with analysis of the factors which led to changes in policy ambition. For new EEOS, key risks to delivery of savings are an over-ambitious delivery target and time line in the absence of policy learning opportunities. The policy risk for nine EEOS is assessed, with savings being most at risk in Croatia, Latvia and Spain. The paper concludes with an analysis of EEOS within the future policy mix. The discussion considers the place of EEOS in evolving EU policy, future savings from EEOS, their relationship with energy companies and the possible influence of different framings of energy efficiency. The continuing need for EEOS is explored, with concluding ideas about how to secure a strong and effective future for this policy tool.